O.R.,Statistics,A.I.- the potential for interdisciplinary progress

This paper examines the need for O.R. workers to become more involved in the development of A.I. A brief outline of A.I. is provided noting problems, techniques and objectives similar to those found in O.R. This outline gives an indication of how interdisciplinary development might proceed and indicates the direction in which O.R. training should be progressin

An application of dynamic programming to pattern recognition

technique which has found only limited usage in the Industrial and Business Management fields which are home to many other of the OR techniques. Its main application has been in problems o

A prototypical approach to machine learning

This paper presents an overview of a research programme on machine learning which is based on the fundamental process of categorization. This work draws upon the psychological theory of prototypical concepts . This theory is that concepts learnt naturally from interaction with the environment (basic categories) are not structured or defined in logical terms but are clustered in accordance with their similaritry to a central prototype, representing the "most typical" member. A structure of a computer model designed to achieve categorization is outlined and the knowledge representational forms and developmental learning associated with this approach are discussed

Rational expectations modelling in O.R

The conventional OR approach to managing a system is, in outline, firstly to create a model of the existing system, secondly, to investigate changes in the model which improve or control the behaviour of the model and thirdly, to implement these changes in the system. It is assumed that the model incorporating these changes will be a valid representation of the system after the changes, in as far as the original model was a valid representation of the original system, and can thus be used to assess the benefits and disbenefits arising from the changes

A.I. approaches in statistics

The role of pattern recognition and knowledge representation methods from artificial Intelligence with in statistics is considered. Two areas of potential use are identified and one, data exploration, is used to illustrate the possibilities. A method is presented to identify and seperate overlapping groups within cluster analysis, using an A.I. approach. The potential of such 'intelligent' approaches is stressed

Knowledge representation for basic visual categories

This paper reports work on a model of machine learning which is based on the psychological theory of prototypical concepts. This theory is that concepts learnt naturally from interaction with the environment (basic categories) are not structured or defined in logical terms but are clustered in accordance with their similarity to a central prototype, representing the "most typical'' member

Studies of surface two-dimensional photonic band-gap structures

Two-dimensional (2D) surface photonic band-gap (SPBG) structures can be obtained by providing a shallow corrugation of the inner surface of a waveguide wall. It can be used as a distributed mirror, a cavity, or a filter in integrated optics or microwave electronics. These structures can also be an alternative to conventional 2D PBG or 1D Bragg structures. In this article, we present the results of theoretical and experimental studies of 2D SPBG structures. Data obtained from experiments are compared with theoretical results and good agreement between theory and experiment is demonstrated. Comparison of a coaxial 2D SPBG structure with a conventional 1D Bragg structure is also presented

Cylindrical, periodic surface lattice — theory, dispersion analysis, and experiment

A two-dimensional surface lattice of cylindrical topology obtained via perturbing the inner surface of a cylinder is considered. Periodic perturbations of the surface lead to observation of high-impedance, dielectric-like media and resonant coupling of surface and non-propagating volume fields. This allows synthesis of tailored-for-purpose "coating" material with dispersion suitable, for instance, to mediate a Cherenkov type interaction. An analytical model of the lattice is discussed and coupled-wave equations are derived. Variations of the lattice dispersive properties with variation of parameters are shown, illustrating the tailoring of the structure's electromagnetic properties. Experimental results are presented showing agreement with the theoretical model